Centre for Stem Cell Research

Our research is an interdisciplinary with an interface of chemistry and biology, emphasizes on lipid-mediated nucleic therapy and genome editing. Primary goal of our research is develop nucleic acid therapies including gene-editing for monogenic liver disorders and developing synthetic vaccines for pandemic viruses including COVID-19, Chikungunya, and Dengue. To this end, we are developing a library of lipids that can deliver nucleic acids such as pDNA, mRNA and siRNA efficiently both in vitro and in vivo. For synthetic vaccines, we are working on chemical modifications on mRNA to increase the stability and translational efficiency.

For gene delivery, we working an intriguing concept called No-End DNA along with Prof. Arun Srivastava, Univ. of Florida, USA.

64. Hari Krishnareddy R, Naga Malleswara Rao N, Srujan M. Advances in the preparation of lipid-based nanotechnologies: Contribution in expanding the horizons of therapeutic applications. CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst. 2025 DOI: 10.1615/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.2025056257 

63. Suresh S, Venkatesan V, Azhagiri MKK, Mahalingam G, Chandraprabha PB, Murugesan MK, Kumar S, Thangavel S*, Marepally S*. Engineering biomimetic bone marrow niche with gene modified mesenchymal stromal cells for ex vivo culture of human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2025 Jul 1;16(1):335.

62. Chandraprabha PB, Azhagiri MKK, Venkatesan V, Magis W, Prasad K, Suresh S, Pai AA, Marepally S, Srivastava A, Mohankumar KM, Martin DIK, Thangavel S*. Enhanced fetal hemoglobin production via dual-beneficial mutation editing of the HBG promoter in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells for β-hemoglobinopathies. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2024 Dec 31;15(1):504

61. Lohchania B, Arjunan P, Mahalingam G, Dandapani A, Taneja P, Marepally S*. Lipid Nanoparticle-Mediated Liver-Specific Gene Therapy for Hemophilia B. Pharmaceutics. 2024 Nov 9;16(11):1427.

60. Hari Krishnareddy R, Srujan M*. Multiplexed RNAs in lipid nanoparticles: potential therapeutic vaccine for chronic hepatitis B. Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024 2024 Nov 7;9(1):312. doi: 10.1038/s41392-024-02026-5.

59. Anila G, Poornasree S, Nithin SR, B. Vaishnavi, Srujan M, Saravanbhavan T, Shaji R. V., Alok Srivastava, KM Mohankumar. Editing of homologous globin genes by nickase-deficient base editor mitigates large intergenic deletions in HSPCs. Molecular Therapy-Nucleic Acids 2024, 35, 4, 102347

57. Tiwari S, Kumar R, Devi S, Sharma P, Chaudhary NR, Negi S, Tandel N, Marepally S, Pied S, Tyagi RK. Biogenically synthesized green silver nanoparticles exhibit antimalarial activity. Discover Nano. 2024 Aug 31;19(1):136. doi: 10.1186/s11671-024-04098-2.

56. Porkizhi A#, Gokulnath M#, Priyanka S#, Durga K, Sevanthy S, Sandya Rani, KM Mohankumar, Saravanabhavan T, Alok S Srujan M* Base-modified Factor VIII mRNA delivery with Galactosylated lipid nanoparticles as a protein replacement therapy for Haemophilia. Biomater Sci. 2024 Aug 30. doi: 10.1039/d4bm00909f.

55. Gokulnath Mahalingam, Nikunj Tandel, Rajeev K Tyagi, Srujan Marepally* Engineering natural killer cells with lipid nanoparticle enabled IL-2 mRNA transfection: Steps towards affordable precision immuno-therapeutics. Molecular Therapy-Nucleic Acids 2024, 35, 102276

54. Porkizhi A, Durga K, Mahalingam G, Ashish K Goel, Uday Z, Alok S, Srujan M*, Lipid-nanoparticle-enabled nucleic acid therapeutics for liver disorders. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B. 2024, 14 (7) 2885-2900.

53. Biswas D, Mahalingam G, Subaschandrabose RK, Priya S, Ramachandran R, Suresh S, Mathivanan TV, Balu NV, Selvaraj K, Nellickal AJ, Christudoss P, Samuel P, Kt RD, Marepally S, Moorthy M. Role Of Prior Immunity in binding to Spike of "Future" Omicron Subvariants. Indian J Med Microbiol. 2024 May 21:100615.

52. Kirti P, Nivedhitha D, Anila G, Nithin Sam R, Joshua P, Gokulnath M, Vignesh R, Lokesh P, Vigneshwaran V, Kartik L, Yogapriya P, Aswin AP, Yukio N, Ryo K, Poonkuzhali B, Saravanabhavan T, Shaji R.V, Gregory A.N, Srujan M, Alok S, Mohankumar KM. Precise correction of a spectrum of β-thalassemia mutations in coding and non-coding regions by base editors. Molecular Therapy Nucleic Acids. 2024, 35(2), 102205

51. Mahalingam G, Marepally S*. In a quest for bivalent mRNA vaccine for respiratory viruses: An effective strategy to overcome antigenic competition. Molecular Therapy. 2024 32(4):873-874.

50. Gokulnath M, Hari Krishnareddy R, Porkizhi A, Karthik V. K, Yogapriya P, Aruna M, Kanimozhi S, Salma M, Vigneshwar R, Mahesh M, George V, Mohankumar M, Saravanabhavan T, Alok S, Srujan M* Dendritic cell targeting SMART-lipid nanoparticles enabled mRNA vaccine elicits cross-reactive humoral responses against the omicron sub-variants. Molecular Therapy, 2024 32(5):1284-1297.

49. Vignesh R#, Nivedhitha D#, Nithin SR, Lokesh P, Joshua P, Chandrasekar G, Keerthiga A, Gokulnath M, Yogapriya M, Stacia W, Kirti P, Anila G, Dhiyaneshwaran S, Sandhiya G, Aswin AP, Ryo K, Yukio N, Poonkuzhali B, Rajasekaran R, Saravanabhavan T, Shaji R V, Merlin C, Srujan M, Alok S, KM Mohankumar* Targeted disruption of BCL11A-XL specific zinc finger motif for de-repression of fetal globin expression. Molecular Therapy, 2024, 32(3):663-677.

48. Gokulnath M, Porkizhi A, Yogapriya P, Ajay D, Nivedita D, Vignesh R, Abhisha C, Ramya Devi KT2, Immanuel D, Saravanabhavan T, Mohankumar M, Mahesh M, Alok S, Srujan M*., Correlating the differences in the receptor binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 spike variants on their interactions with human ACE2 receptor. Scientific Reports, 2023 13(1):8743.

47. Vigneshwaran V., Abisha C.C., Manuel R., Manoj KA., Prathibha B, Kaivalya W., Bharath S., Geoffroy A, Sumathi R, Saranya S, Karthik V. K.,Annlin J, Abhirup B, Aswin A.Pai, Yukio N. , Ryo K, Poonkuzhali B, Rekha P., Srujan M., Mohankumar KM., Shaji R. V., Melanie B., Dimple N, Toni C., Alok S. Saravanabhavan T., Editing the core region in HPFH deletions alters fetal and adult globin expression for treatment of b-hemoglobinopathies. Molecular Therapy Nucleic Acids. 2023 Apr 26;32:671-688.

46. Brijesh Lohchania, Abisha Crystal Christopher, Porkizhi Arjunan, Gokulnath Mahalingam, Durga Kathirvelu, Aishwarya Prasannan, Vigneshwaran Venkatesan, Pankaj Taneja, Mohan Kumar KM, Saravanabhavan Thangavel* and Marepally S.* Diosgenin enhances liposome-enabled nucleic acid delivery and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing by modulating endocytic pathways, Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol., Sec. Preclinical Cell and Gene Therapy 2023, doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2022.1031049

45. Nancy Sharma, Porkizhi Arjunan, Srujan Marepally, Nimisha Jain, Abbas Raja Naziruddin, Amrita Ghosh, CR Mariappan, D Amilan Jose. Photo controlled release of nitric oxide (NO) from amphiphilic and nanoscale vesicles-based ruthenium nitrosyl complex: NO release and cytotoxicity studies. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, 2022, 425, 113703

44. George A, Ravi NS, Prasad K, Panigrahi L, Koikkara S, Rajendiran V, Devaraju N, Paul J, Pai AA, Nakamura Y, Kurita R, Balasubramanian P, Thangavel S, Marepally S, Velayudhan SR, Srivastava A, Mohankumar KM. Efficient and error-free correction of sickle mutation in human erythroid cells using prime editor-2, Front Genome Ed. 2022 Dec 20;4:1085111. doi: 10.3389/fgeed.2022.1085111.

43. Mahalingam G, Periyasami Y, Arjunan P, Subaschandrabose RK, Mathivanan TV, Mathew RS, Ramya Devi K, Premkumar PS, Muliyil J, Srivastava A, Moorthy M*, Marepally S*. Omicron infection increases IgG binding to spike protein of predecessor variants.   J Med Virol. 2022 Dec 22. doi: 10.1002/jmv.28419.

42. Marepally S.*, Tejram Sahu*, Rajeev Tyagi* Editorial: Nanomedicine in infectious diseases: Drug delivery and vaccines, Frontiers in Pharmacology, (Experimental Pharmacology and Drug Discovery) 2022, 13:928572.

41. Gokulnath Mahalingam, Aruna Mohan, Porkizhi Arjunan, Ajay Kumar Dhyani, Kanimozhi Subramaniyam, Yogapriya Periyasamy, Marepally S*., Lipid nanoparticle enabled delivery of chemically modified mRNA into mammalian cells, J Vis Exp. 2022 Jun 10;(184). doi: 10.3791/62407.

40. Rapaka H, Manturthi S, Gosangi M, Lohchania B, Marepally S*, Patri SV*. Effect of Methylation of the Hydrophilic Domain of Tocopheryl Ammonium-Based Lipids on their Nucleic Acid Delivery Properties ACS Omega. 2022 7(18):15396-15403. doi:10.1021/acsomega. 1c06889.

39. Hari Krishnareddy Rachamalla, Chandrashekhar Voshavar, Porkizhi arjunan, Gokulnath Mahalingam, Rashmi Praksash Chowath, Rajkumar Banerjee*, Praveen Kumar Vemula*, Marepally S.* Skin permeable nano-lithocholic-lipidoid efficiently alleviates psoriasis-like chronic skin inflammations, ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces, 2022, 14(13):14859-14870.

38. Gokulnath M, Hari Krishnareddy R, Porkizhi A, Yogapriya P, Salma M, Saravanabhavan Thangavel, Mohankumar K M, Mahesh Moorthy, R.V. Shaji, Alok Srivastava, Srujan M* Optimization of SARS-CoV2-pseudovirion production in Lentivirus backbone with a novel liposomal system, Frontiers in Pharmacology 2022;13:840727. PMID: 35401169  

37. Hithavan R, Shireesha M, Porkizhi A, Vigneshwaran V, Saravanabhavan T,  Srujan M*, Srilakshmi P*, Influence of Hydrophobicity in Hydrophilic Region of Cationic Lipids on Enhancing Nucleic Acid Delivery and Gene Editing, ACS Applied Bio Materials 2022; 5(4):1489-1500. doi: 10.1021/acsabm.1c01226. Epub 2022 Mar 17. PMID: 35297601  

36. Ravi NS, Wienert B, Wyman SK, Bell HW, George A, Mahalingam G, Vu JT, Prasad K, Bandlamudi BP, Devaraju N, Rajendiran V, Syedbasha N, Pai AA, Nakamura Y, Kurita R, Narayanasamy M, Balasubramanian P, Thangavel S, Marepally S, Velayudhan SR, Srivastava A, DeWitt MA, Crossley M, Corn JE, Mohankumar KM (2022) Identification of novel HPFH-like mutations by CRISPR base editing that elevates the expression of fetal hemoglobin. eLife 11:e65421. doi: 10.7554/eLife.65421.

35. Karuppusamy K, Demosthenes J,  Venkatesan V, Christopher A,  Babu P,  Azhagiri M,  Jacob A,  Ramalingam V,  Rangaraj S,  Mohankumar K.M,  Marepally S,  Varghese G,  Srivastava A,  Kannangai R and  Thangavel S* The CCR5 gene-edited CD34+CD90+ Hematopoietic stem cell population serves as an optimal graft source for HIV gene therapy, Frontiers in Immunology 2022, 13:792684. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.792684. eCollection 2022. PMID: 35359982

34. Christopher A, Venkatesan V, Karuppusamy K, Srinivasan S, Babu P, Alagiri M, Karthik C, Bagchi A,  Rajendiran V, Ravi N,  Kumar S, Marepally S, Mohankumar M, Srivastava A,  Velayudhan S and Thangavel S. Preferential expansion of human CD34+CD133+CD90+ hematopoietic stem cells enhances gene-modified cell frequency for gene therapy. Manuscript accepted. Human gene therapy, 2022 (3-4):188-201. doi: 10.1089/hum.2021.089. PMID: 34486377

33. Rajagopal K, Arjunan P, Marepally S, Madhuri V. Controlled Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells into Hyaline Cartilage in miR-140-Activated Collagen Hydrogel 571S-581S. doi: 10.1177/19476035211047627.

32. Lithocholic acid-tryptophan conjugate (UniPR126) based mixed micelle as a nano carrier for specific delivery of niclosamide to prostate cancer via EphA2 receptor. Jannu AK, Puppala ER, Gawali B, Syamprasad NP, Alexander A, Marepally S, Chella N, Gangasani JK, Naidu VGM. Int. J Pharm. 2021, 605:120819.

31. Santhosh Chander Maddila, Chandrashekhar Voshavar, Porkizhi Arjunan, Rashmi Prakash Chowath, Hari Krishna Reddy Rachamalla, Balaji Balakrishnan, Poonkuzhali Balasubramanian, Rajkumar Banerjee, Srujan Marepally*, Cholesterol sequestration from caveolae/lipid rafts enhances cationic liposome-mediated nucleic acid delivery into endothelial cells, Molecules, 2021, 26(15), 4626;

30. VenkannaMuripiti, Brijesh Lohchania, Venkatesh Ravula, Shireesha Manturthi, Srujan Marepally, Amarnath Velidandi, Srilakshmi V Patri. Dramatic Influence of Hydroxy Functionality of Azasugar Moiety in the Head Group Region of Tocopherol Based Cationic Lipids on the In-vitro Gene Transfection Efficacies. New Journal of Chemistry, 2021, 45 (2), 615-627

29.  N Sharma, AK Dhyani, S Marepally, DA Jose, Nanoscale lipid vesicles functionalized with a nitro-aniline derivative for photoinduced nitric oxide (NO) delivery, Nanoscale Advances 2020, 2 (1), 463-469

28. VenkannaMuripiti, ThasneemYoosuf Mujahid, Venkata HarshaVardhanBoddeda, Shrish Tiwari, Srujan Kumar Marepally, Srilakshmi V Patri, VijayaGopal. Structure-activity relationship of serotonin derived tocopherol lipids Int. J. Pharmaceutics 2019, 554:134-148.

27. Vignesh K. Rangasami, Brijesh Lochania, Chandrashekhar Voshavar, Harikrishna R. Rachamalla, Rajkumar Banerjee,  Ashish Dayani, Saravanabhavan Thangavel, Praveen K. Vemula*, and Srujan Marepally*. Exploring membrane permeability of tomatidine in lipid mediated nucleic acid transfections BBA Biomembranes, 2019, 1861(1):327-334.

26. Venkanna MVN, Brijesh Lohchania, Harikrishnareddy Rachamalla, Rajkumar Banerjee, Srujan Marepally, Srilakshmi PV. Tocopherol-ascorbic acid hybrid antioxidant based cationic amphiphile for gene delivery: Design, Synthesis and transfection. Bioorganic Chemistry 2018, 82:178-191

25. Venkanna MVN, Brijesh Lohchania, Srujan Marepally, Srilakshmi PV. Hepatocellular Targeted α-Tocopherol based pH sensitive Galactosylated Lipid: Design, Synthesis and Transfection Studies MedChemComm, 2018, 9, 264-274

24. Hari Krishna Reddy R, Priya Dharmalingam,  Bhanuprakash B, Saravanabhavan  Thangavel, Mohan Kumar KM, Rajkumar Banerjee, Arabinda Chaudhuri, Chandrashekhar Voshavar* and Srujan Mareaplly*, Green transfection: Cationic lipid pool derived from vegetable fat palm stearin enhances nucleic acid transfections. ACS Omega, 2017 2 (11), pp 7892–7903

23.  Omprakash Sunnapu, Niranjan G Kotla, Balaji Maddiboyina, Duraisamy Chellappa, Srujan Marepally*, Subramanian Singaravadivel*, Gandhi Sivaraman*. Rhodamine-Based Fluorescent Turn-On Probe for Facile Sensing and Imaging of ATP in Mitochondria. ChemistrySelect, 2017 2 (25), 7654-7658

22. Sasidharan Vidyanand#, Srujan Marepally#, Sarah Elliot, Vairavan Laxman, Dhiru Bansal, Alejandro Alvarado Sanchez, Praveen Kumar Vemula*, Dasaradhi Palakodeti* MicroRNA, miR-124c regulate axon guidance cues and planar cell polarity pathway essential for cephalic ganglion and photoreceptor organization during anterior regeneration in planarian Schmidtea mediterranea.  Development, 2017, pii: dev.144758.

21. Ankita A. Hiwale, Chandrashekhar Voshavar, Priya Dharmalingam, Ashish Dhayani, Rajesh Mukthavaram, Rasajna Nadella, Omprakash Sunnapu, Sivaraman Gandhi, VGM Naidu, Arabinda Chaudhuri, Srujan Marepally*, Praveen Kumar Vemula.* Scaling the effect of hydrophobic chain length variations on gene transfer properties of di-alkyl, di-hydroxy ethylammonium chloride based cationic amphiphiles RSC Advances 2017,7, 25398-25405

20. Voshavar Chandra; Meka Rakeshchandra Reddy; Samanta Sanjoy; Marepally Srujan Chaudhuri Arabinda. Enhanced Spacer Length between Mannose Mimicking Shikimoyl- and Quinoyl- Head Groups and Hydrophobic Region of Cationic   Amphiphile Increases Efficiency of Dendritic Cell based DNA Vaccination: A Structure-Activity Investigation. J. Med. Chem.  23; 60 (4):1605-1610

19. Priya Dharmalingam, Balakrishna Marrapu, Chandrashekhar Voshavar, Rasagna Nadella, Vignesh Kumar Rangasami, R.V. Shaji, Salar Abbas, R.B.N. Prasad, Shiva Shanker Kaki* and Srujan Marepally*. An anti-oxidant, α-lipoic acid conjugated oleoyl-sn-phosphatidylcholineas a helper lipid in cationic liposomal formulations. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces Volume 152, 1, Pages 133–142.

18. Ambika S Kurbet, Samarth Hegde, Oindrila Bhattacharjee, Srujan Marepally, Praveen K Vemul, Srikala Raghavan.Sterile inflammation enhances ECM degradation in integrin β1 KO embryonic skin. Cell Reports 2016, 16(12):3334-47a

17. Rakeshchandra R. Meka, Sudhakar Godeshala, Srujan Marepally, Ketan Thorat, Hari Krishna Reddy Rachamalla, Ashish Dhayani, Rajkumar Banerjee, Arabinda Chaudhuri, Praveen Kumar Vemula. Asymmetric cationic lipids based non-viral vectors for an efficient nucleic acid delivery. RSC Advances 2016, 6, 77841-77848

16.  Shrivastava S, Jeengar MK, Thummuri D, Koval A, Katanaev VL, Marepally S, V G M N. A chalcone, inhibits human triple negative breast cancer cell invasiveness by downregulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling cascades and reversal of epithelial–mesenchymal transition. Biofactors 2017 Mar;43 (2):152-169

15. Selot R, Marepally S, Vemula PK, Jayandharan GR Nanoparticle coated viral vectors for gene therapy. Curr Biotechnol. 2016; 5(1): 44-53.

14. Boakye CH, Patel K, Doddapaneni R, Bagde A, Marepally S, Singh M. Novel amphiphilic lipid augments the co-delivery of erlotinib and IL36 siRNA into the skin for psoriasis treatment.J Control Release. 2016; pii: S0168-3659(16)30277-2

 13. Andey T, Patel A, Marepally S, Chougule M, Spencer SD, Rishi AK, Singh M. Formulation, Pharmacokinetic, and Efficacy Studies of Mannosylated Self-Emulsifying Solid Dispersions of Noscapine. PLoS One. 2016; 11(1):e0146804.

12. Rajeev K. Tyagi, Neeraj K Garg, Rajesh S Jadon, Tejram Sahu, Om P Katare, Srujan K Marepally. Elastic liposome mediated transdermal immunization enhanced the immunogenicity of P. falciparum surface antigen, MSP-119, Vaccine. 2015; 33(36):4630-8. 

11. T Andey, G Sudhakar, S Marepally, A Patel, R Banerjee, M Singh Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic evaluation of solid lipid nanoparticles of a lipid-modified estrogen derivative and enhancement of cisplatin activity in triple-negative breast cancer. Mol Pharm. 2015 Feb 8. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 25661724. 

 10. Andey T#,, Marepally S#,, Patel A, Jackson T, Sarkar S, O'Connell M, et al. Cationic lipid guided short-hairpin RNA interference of annexin A2 attenuates tumor growth and metastasis in a mouse lung cancer stem cell model. J Control Release. 2014; 184: 67-78.

 9. Darshan DV, Chandar BG, Srujan M, Chaudhuri A, Prabhakar S. Electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry study of six isomeric cationic amphiphiles with ester/amide linker. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom. 2014;28(11):1209-14.

 8. Marepally S#,, Boakye CH#,, Patel AR, Godugu C, Doddapaneni R, Desai PR, Singh M. Topical administration of dual siRNAs using fusogenic lipid nanoparticles for treating psoriatic-like plaques. Nanomedicine (Lond). 2014; 9(14) 2157-74.

 7. Marepally S#,, Boakye CH#,, Shah PP, Etukala JR, Vemuri A, Singh M. Design, synthesis of novel lipids as chemical permeation enhancers and development of nanoparticle system for transdermal drug delivery. PLoS One. 2013;8(12):e82581. PMCID: 3861410.

 6. Godugu C, Patel AR, Doddapaneni R, Marepally S, Jackson T, Singh M. Inhalation delivery of Telmisartan enhances intratumoral distribution of nanoparticles in lung cancer models. J Control Release. 2013. 172(1):86-95.

 5. Desai PR#,, Marepally S#,, Patel AR, Voshavar C, Chaudhuri A, Singh M. Topical delivery of anti-TNFalpha siRNA and capsaicin via novel lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles efficiently inhibits skin inflammation in vivo. J Control Release. 2013;170(1):51-63. PMCID: 3759511.

 4. Srujan M, Chandrashekhar V, Reddy RC, Prabhakar R, Sreedhar B, Chaudhuri A. The influence of the structural orientation of amide linkers on the serum compatibility and lung transfection properties of cationic amphiphiles. Biomaterials. 2011;32(22):5231-40.

 3. Chandrashekhar V, Srujan M, Prabhakar R, Reddy RC, Sreedhar B, Rentam KK, et al. Cationic amphiphiles with fatty acyl chain asymmetry of coconut oil deliver genes selectively to mouse lung. Bioconjug Chem. 2011;22(3):497-509.

 2. Mukthavaram R#, Marepally S#,, Venkata MY, Vegi GN, Sistla R, Chaudhuri A. Cationic glycolipids with cyclic and open galactose head groups for the selective targeting of genes to mouse liver. Biomaterials. 2009;30(12):2369-84. 

 1. Rajesh M, Sen J, Srujan M, Mukherjee K, Sreedhar B, Chaudhuri A. Dramatic influence of the orientation of linker between hydrophilic and hydrophobic lipid moiety in liposomal gene delivery. J Am Chem Soc. 2007;129(37):11408-20.

• https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/11/131114101917.html
• http://www.skininc.com/skinscience/physiology/Topical-Treatment-for-Psoriasis-Targets-Deeper-Layers-of-the-Skin-235744561.html
• http://www.aaps.org/News/Press_Room/Press_Releases/2013/Topical_Treatment_for_Psoriasis_Targets_Deeper
  _Layers_of_the_Skin,_Improves_Healing/